Introduction: Chronic Endometritis (CE) has been the subject of frequent investigations in patients with infertility, and a growing body of scientific evidence has established an association between this pathology and unfavorable reproductive outcomes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to investigate the role of Chronic Endometritis (CE) as a cause of infertility in women of reproductive age. Methods: The most relevant studies published in English in the last 10 years were analyzed, using the MedLine database (National Library of Medicine) as the reference. Results: Initially, 18 studies were identified that investigated the association of CE with unsatisfactory reproductive outcomes. However, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only seven studies were included in the scope of this review. Conclusion: The results contribute to deepening the knowledge about chronic endometritis, its diagnostic criteria, and its relationship with infertility and recurrent pregnancy losses. These researches have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the condition, benefiting couples with reproductive difficulties and advancing the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the association between chronic endometritis and fertility problems. The diagnosis is made by identifying stromal plasma cells in the endometrium, with immunohistochemistry for CD138 improving accuracy. Hysteroscopy is also used for diagnosis, but there is still a lack of standardization in the criteria. Treatment with antibiotic therapy in patients with chronic 4 endometritis and infertility shows promising results, with improvements in pregnancy outcomes.
